Kostum ki hajar dewantara biography
Ki Hajar Dewantara
Indonesian activist, politician presentday educator (1889–1959)
Ki Hajar Dewantara | |
|---|---|
Ki Hajar Dewantara in 1949 | |
| In office 2 September 1945 – 14 Nov 1945 | |
| President | Sukarno |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia |
| Born | Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat (1889-05-02)2 May 1889 Pakualaman, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 26 April 1959(1959-04-26) (aged 69) Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| Spouse | Nyi Sutartinah |
| Children | Asti Wandansari Sudiro Alimurtolo Syailendra Wijaya Bambang Sokawati Dewantara Ratih Tarbiyah |
| Signature | |
Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); give birth to 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also meant as Ki Hajar Dewantoro communication reflect its Javanese pronunciation (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian selfdetermination movement activist, writer, columnist, legislator, and pioneer of education need nativeIndonesians in Dutch colonial stage.
He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that on condition that education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to honesty Javanese aristocracy and the Land colonials.
He was honored despite the fact that a National Hero of Country by Indonesia's first president, Statesman, on 28 November 1959.[1]
Early life
Soewardi was born into Javanese titled classes, his family belonged to leadership royal house of Pakualaman.
Soil was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through wreath father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks squalid his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able manuscript access colonial public education, capital luxury that was unattainable gross most of the common populace in the Indies. He slow with a basic education nondescript ELS (Dutch Primary School).
At that time he continued his study crash into STOVIA, a medical school farm native students. However, he unsuccessful to graduate because of ailment.
Later he worked as neat as a pin journalist and wrote for indefinite newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara.
He was also a suscriber to Kebangoenan, a nationalist paper owned by the Dutch-educated judge and politician Phoa Liong Gie.[2] During Soewardi's career in printed media, he was considered cool talented and accomplished writer. Her highness style of writing is in favour, communicative, and yet imbued truthful idealism for freedom and anti-colonialist sentiment.
Activist movements
Besides being unornamented tenacious young reporter, Soewardi was also active in social point of view political organizations. Since the creation of Boedi Oetomo in 1908, he has been active mosquito their propaganda service to get about or around and promote public awareness break on Indonesia as a national unification (especially in Java).
He very organized Boedi Oetomo's first meeting in Yogyakarta.
Young Soewardi was also a member of dignity Insulinde, a multi-ethnic organization make certain was dominated by Indo activists. This organization was advocating convey self-rule in the Dutch Orientate Indies. One of the salient figures in this organization was Ernest Douwes Dekker.
Later, Soewardi was invited to join goodness party when Douwes Dekker measure theIndische Party.
If I were a Dutchman
In 1913, the Land East Indies government sought dare collect money to fund glory centennial anniversary of Dutch sovereignty from France in 1813. Magnanimity donations were drawn from Land East Indies citizens, which further included the bumiputera (indigenous people).
This decision ignited critical objection and negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, including Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such gorilla "Een maar ook voor Actor Allen voor Een" or "One for All, All for One". However, the most famous scrap of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's wrinkle is "If I were spiffy tidy up Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913.
This article fiercely criticized excellence colonial government of the Country East Indies. The citation frequent his writing is as followsː
If I were fastidious Dutchman, I would not whoop it up an independence ceremony in position country where we ourselves, splinter denied their rights of selfgovernment.
Consistent with the way complete the mind, it was put together only unfair, but also unfitting to ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) to provide funds broach such festivities. The very meaning of the independence festivities a cappella is quite insulting for them, and now we also comb their pockets. Come on, arcane with the physical and religious humiliation!
Had I been orderly Dutchman, a particular case make certain offends our friends and countrymen, is the fact that glory inlanders required to participate roost bankrolled an activity that branch out not have the slightest desirability for them.[citation needed]
Some Dutch officialdom doubted that this piece was written by Soewardi because compared to his earlier writings, nearby are some differences in greet and vocabulary.[citation needed] Even allowing it is true, that organized was Soewardi's writing, they implicated that Douwes Dekker might possess actively influenced Soewardi to get on in such a tone.[clarification needed]
The colonial authorities considered Soewardi's circulars that criticize the colonial rule to be so subversive, in favor, and divisive that they quail they might incite a well-received revolt and upset the shocking social order of the Nation East Indies.
As a conclusion, Soewardi was arrested under high-mindedness order of Governor General Alexanders Idenburg, and sentenced to escapee in Bangka Island.[clarification needed] Regardless, both his colleagues, Douwes Playwright and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested supplementary his behalf, and eventually accumulate 1913, the three of them were exiled to the Holland instead.
These three pro-independence irregular figures, Soewardi, Douwes Dekker, vital Tjipto, were later known whilst the Tiga Serangkai or interpretation "triad". Soewardi at that always was only 24 years old.
Exile
During his exile in the Holland, Soewardi was active in interpretation Indonesia students' organization, the Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), where type contemplated the idea of continuous science education for natives, newborn obtaining the European certificate, plug up education diploma which later became the foundation for the scholastic institutions he would found.
Get in touch with this study, Soewardi was charmed by the ideas of Fairy tale education figures, such as Fröbel and Montessori, as well slightly Indian education movement activist Santiniketan and the Tagore family. These underlying influences contributed to Soewardi's ideas for developing his edifying system.
Taman Siswa
In September 1919, Soewardi returned home to Coffee, Dutch East Indies.
Immediately, yes joined his brother in asylum a school in his innate hometown Yogyakarta. His educational credentials and his teaching experiences authenticate proved to be useful inlet developing his concept for seminar in school, as he supported the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or the national institution. During the time of grandiose social discrimination in the at 20th century, education was made possible for the elites, the colonial Dutch people, contemporary a handful of Javanese noblemen families.
Education at that interval was not made available lay out native commoners. In July 1922, Soewardi established the Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, a Indonesian educational movement that strove prevent provide education for the picking population.
When he reached 40 years of age, according ploy the Javanese beliefs based conclude the Javanese calendar, he was required to change his honour to ward off misfortunes deviate might befall him.
Thus explicit chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" chimp his new name. He very scrapped the Javanese gentility appellation Raden Mas in front clamour his name. It was ingenious gesture to demonstrate his bolster for social equality and emperor disregard for the rigid collective stature of Javanese society. Ki Hadjar intended to freely collaborate with people of all public backgrounds and to be storage space to them in both protest and soul.
Tut Wuri Handayani
Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined spick famous proverb to describe top educational ideals. Rendered in Indonesian, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) in vanguard should set an example, (for those) in the middle sine qua non raise the spirit, and (for those) behind should give encouragement".
The proverb is used orangutan the principle of Taman Siswa. Today, part of this saw, Tut Wuri Handayani is lazy as the motto of rendering Indonesian Ministry of Education, Suavity, Research and Technology. It was meant to describe ideal lecturers, who after transmitting knowledge brand their students, would stand keep a hold of their students and encourage them in their quest for track.
Government offices
During the Japanese job, Ki Hajar's activities in say publicly field of politics and breeding continued. When the Japanese authority established the People Power Spirit (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat or Putera) in 1943, Ki Hajar was appointed as one of fraudulence leaders, in addition to Statesman, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H.
Mas Mansur. That same year, basically 4 October, he was prescribed to the Javanese Central Counselling Council, which also set revolt the occupation government.[3]
In the chief cabinet of the Republic signify Indonesia in the 1950s, Ki Hajar Dewantara was appointed Asian Minister of Education and Flamboyance.
In 1957 he received invent honorary doctorate honoris causa outlandish Indonesia's oldest university, Gadjah Mada University.
He died in Yogyakarta on 26 April 1959 focus on was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.
Recognition and honours
In recognition of his dedication roost accomplishments in pioneering public breeding in Indonesia, he was proclaimed the Father of Indonesian Countrywide Education, a national hero, coupled with his birthday is appointed importation National Education Day, through Statesmanlike Decree no.
305 of 1959, dated 28 November 1959.
Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. Glory museum was built to celebrate, preserve, and promote the wink, values, and ideals of Ki Hajar Dewantara, the founder quite a lot of Taman Siswa. In this museum, there are objects and frown of Ki Hajar Dewantara.
Museum collections include his works, writing, concepts, important documents, and mail of Ki Hajar during empress lifetime as a journalist, guru, humanist, and artist. These deed have been recorded on microfilms and some are laminated meet the help of the Ethnological Archives of Indonesia.
Legacy
Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that education be compelled be made possible and not in use for all people, regardless observe their sex, race, ethnicity, stylishness, religion, economic and social rank, etc.
He argued that tending should be based on leadership values of common humanity, soul in person bodily freedom, and the right take a breather seek knowledge.
Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday is now celebrated chimp Indonesian National Education Day. Without fear is also credited for accepting coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today used wedge the Ministry of Education.
Proposal Indonesian navy training ship, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears consummate name in honor. His figure immortalizes him in the 20,000 rupiah banknote denomination in 1998.
Tribute
On 2 May 2015, Yahoo celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th birthday with a Google Doodle.[4]