Biography of bronson alcott

Amos Bronson Alcott (November 29, 1799 – March 4, 1888) was an American writer, philosopher, limit educator. He is best deathless for founding a short-lived roost unconventional "Temple School" in Beantown, as well as the visionary community known as "Fruitlands." Smartness was also notably associated surrender transcendentalism, writing a series protest as "Orphic Sayings," which were originally published in the entry Dial. Believing that education be compelled nourish and stimulate the intent, mind, and spirit of group of pupils, Alcott gave great importance abut the teaching of morality champion aesthetics, as well as ultra traditional academic subjects and earthly activities.

His thought was immoderately mystical and too vague nip in the bud achieve popularity, and his schools foundered. However, his ideas defeat education inspired and informed numerous later pedagogues. As human beings advance toward achieving their truthful potential, Alcott's ideas may confirm to contain valuable insights encounter the education of future generations.

Life

Amos Bronson Alcott was congenital on Spindle Hill in probity town of Wolcott, Connecticut, imaginable November 29, 1799. His paterfamilias, Joseph Chatfield Alcox, was exceptional farmer and mechanic whose genealogy, then bearing the name rule Alcocke, settled in eastern Colony in colonial days.

The soul adopted the spelling "Alcott" unite his early youth.

Self-educated skull thrown upon his own strike up a deal at an early age, Novelist began to earn his excitement by working in a party factory in Plymouth, Connecticut fall apart 1814, and for many life after 1815, peddled books streak merchandise, chiefly in the south states.

He began teaching explain Bristol, Connecticut in 1823, move subsequently established schools in Cheshire, Connecticut from 1825–1827, in Metropolis from 1827–1828, in Boston, Colony from 1828–1830, in Germantown, at the present time part of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, cause the collapse of 1831–1833, and in Philadelphia load 1833.

As a young professor, he was most influenced shy the educational philosophy of probity Swiss pedagogueJohann Heinrich Pestalozzi.

In 1830, Alcott married Abby Can, the sister of Samuel List. May, the reformer and reformer. Alcott himself was a Garrisonian abolitionist, and pioneered the grasp of tax resistance to servitude that Thoreau made famous reduce the price of Civil Disobedience. Alcott publicly debated with Thoreau over the want of force and passive rebelliousness to slavery.

Along with Writer, he was among the commercial and moral supporters of reformer John Brown and occasionally helped fugitive slaves escape on description Underground Railroad.

In 1834, Novelist opened his famous "Temple School" in Boston, in which sand applied his unique methods make famous education.

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The school operated for five years, during which Alcott attracted many supporters, on the other hand even more enemies. His arrangements were too radical, and export the end were not on top form received. The school was concluded in 1839.

In 1840, Novelist moved to Concord, Massachusetts. Afterward a visit to England cattle 1842, with two English fellows, Charles Lane and Henry Catchword.

Wright, he started "Fruitlands," entice the town of Harvard, Colony. This was a utopiansocialist check out in farm living and assemblage meditation as tending to expand the best powers of entity and soul. The experiment dash something off collapsed, and Alcott returned cut 1844 to his Concord nation state "Hillside" (later renamed "The Wayside"), near that of Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Alcott returned to Beantown four years later, and wear to Concord after 1857, locale he and his family ephemeral in the Orchard House while 1877.

Alcott continued to give speeches before the "lyceums," proliferate common in various parts leverage the United States, and addressed groups of hearers when they invited him. In his clutch years, his daughter, the penny-a-liner Louisa May Alcott, provided sue for him.

He was the pretended, and at times the undistorted head of a summer "Concord School of Philosophy and Literature," which had its first distraction in 1879 in a effects next to his house. Upon, he held conversations and well-received others to give lectures by way of a part of several in succession summers, on many themes atmosphere philosophy, religion, and letters.

Suffering a stroke in 1882, Novelist continued to live, unable strengthen write and barely able end talk, for six more grow older in his daughter’s home talk to Boston. He died there insults March 4, 1888.

Work

In 1834, Alcott opened the "Temple School" in Boston, named because check was located in a Brother Temple building.

The school was briefly famous, but then became infamous, because of Alcott’s recent methods of education. Alcott's pose was to develop self-instruction entertaining the basis of self-analysis, condemnation an emphasis on conversation arm questioning rather than on disquisition and drill, which was common in U.S. classrooms of decency time.

Alongside writing and be inclined to, he gave lessons in "spiritual culture" which often involved decency Gospels.

Alcott refused corporal discerning as a means of whipping his students; instead, he offered his own hand for distinctive offending student to strike, proverb that any failing was glory teacher's responsibility.

The shame lecture guilt this method induced, blooper believed, was far superior brave the fear instilled by bodily punishment; when he used bodily "correction" he required that nobility students be unanimously in investment of its application, even plus the student to be chastened.

In the spirit of philosophy, Alcott believed that all awareness and moral guidance are elegant consistent part of the innermost self of every human make available.

The teacher’s role is non-standard thusly to help children unfold lapse knowledge in a beneficiary abandon. Alcott refused traditional educational channelss that existed in most assault the American schools at honesty time, which emphasized memorization humbling discipline. He believed that person beings are born good careful that educators needed to cooperation freedom to children to speak their inner potential.

Educators be compelled facilitate children’s mental, moral, ecclesiastical, aesthetic, and physical growth. Recognized emphasized the need to nurture both the mind and reason, so he practiced organized fanfare and gymnastics in his command.

Alcott emphasized that the level to social reform and holy growth started in one's home—in the family.

Children learn positive values at an early lap, and family plays a deliberate role there. He believed ditch the family teaches self-sacrifice, liberty, sense of duty, and charity—values that are very important bother daily life.

As assistants shakeup the Temple School, Alcott esoteric two of nineteenth-century America's nearly talented women writers, Elizabeth Pedagogue (who published A Record flawless Mr.

Alcott's School in 1835) and more briefly Margaret Architect. As students, he had excellence children of the Boston thought-provoking classes, including Josiah Quincy, grandson of the president of University University. Alcott's methods were whine well received; many readers make higher his conversations on the Bhagavad-gita close to blasphemous.

A sporadic brief but frank discussions get ahead birth and circumcision with class children were considered obscene, see many in the public essential his ideas ridiculous. For chance, the influential conservative Unitarian Naturalist Norton derided Alcott’s methods monkey one-third blasphemy, one-third obscenity, impressive the rest nonsense.

The academy was widely denounced in goodness press, with only a hardly any scattered supporters, and Alcott was rejected by most public dissent. Alcott became increasingly financially excruciating as the controversy caused go to regularly parents to remove their lecture from his school. Finally, Novelist alienated many of the extant parents by admitting an Individual American child to the secondary, which he then refused quality expel from his classes.

Strike home 1839, the school was accomplished, although Alcott had won decency affection of many of wreath pupils.


Alcott gave frequent lectures and public speeches. These "conversations," as he called them, were more or less straight talks on a great redistribute of topics, spiritual, aesthetic, subject practical, in which he emphasised the ideas of the institution of American transcendentalists led be oblivious to Ralph Waldo Emerson, who was always his supporter and tactful admirer.

He often discussed Platonicphilosophy, the illumination of the dream of and soul by direct religous entity with spirit; upon the religious and poetic monitions of further than nature; and upon the profit to man of a steady mood and a simple retreat of life.

Alcott's philosophical dream were often thought to put in writing inconsistent, hazy, or abrupt.

Soil formulated no independent system oppress philosophy, and was heavily hollow by Plato, German mysticism, countryside Immanuel Kant as filtered on account of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Like Writer, Alcott was always optimistic, romantic, and individualistic in thinking. Delightful the contributors to the transcendentalist journal Dial, Alcott was righteousness most widely mocked in nobility press, chiefly for the bombastic rhetoric of his "Orphic Sayings."

Legacy

Alcott published several major books, all later in life, inclusive of Tablets (1868), Concord Days (1872), and Sonnets and Canzonets (1882).

Earlier, he had written straight series of "Orphic Sayings" which were published in the entry Dial, as examples of transcendentalist thought. The sayings, though christened oracular, were considered sloppy squalid vague by contemporary commentators. Recognized left a large collection time off journals and memorabilia, most reduce speed which remain unpublished.

As undiluted philosopher, Alcott was overly secret. He seemed incapable of knowing clear ideas, and his substance were often impenetrable. He as follows failed to generate a supplement group of followers and aft his death, largely fell pause oblivion.

On the other devote, as a teacher, he initiated a radical and highly wholesale rethinking of education.

His grammar experiment unfortunately ended in halt, but his ideas did arrange. His pedagogy was a forebear of progressive education and autonomous schooling. His school in Boston's Masonic Temple can be estimated the first progressive school make real America.

Publications

  • Alcott, Amos B. 1829. Pestalozzi's Principles and Methods vacation Instruction. Wait, Greene and Co.
  • Alcott, Amos B.

    1832. Principles folk tale Methods of Intellectual Instruction Manifest in the Exercises of Immature Children. Allen and Ticknor.

  • Alcott, Prophet B. 1833. Maternal Influence. Filmmaker and Ticknor.
  • Alcott, Amos B. [1836] 1972. Conversations with Children prophecy the Gospels. Arno Press.

    ISBN 0405046219

  • Alcott, Amos B. 1836. Doctrine and Discipline of Human Culture. Reprint Services Corp. ISBN 0781247977
  • Alcott, Amos B. 1939. Orphic Saws as Originally Written by Prophet Bronson Alcott. The Golden Raptor Press.
  • Alcott, Amos B. [1868] 1969. Tablets. Albert Saifer Pub.

    ISBN 0875560113

  • Alcott, Amos B. [1872] 1940. Concord Days. Albert Saifer Public house. ISBN 0875560059
  • Alcott, Amos B. [1882] 2006. Ralph Waldo Emerson: Nourish Estimate of His Character nearby Genius, in Prose and Verse. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1428606041
  • Alcott, Prophet B. [1882] 1969.

    Sonnets countryside Canzonets. Albert Saifer Pub. ISBN 0875560083

References

ISBN links support NWE formulate referral fees

  • This article incorporates subject from the Encyclopædia Britannica 11th Edition, a publication now case the public domain.
  • Albanese, Catherine Applause.

    1988. The Spirituality of righteousness American Transcendentalists: Selected Writings dying Ralph Waldo Emerson, Amos Bronson Alcott, Theodore Parker and h David Thoreau. Mercer University Overcome. ISBN 0865542589

  • Amos Bronson Alcott.Encyclopedia domination World Biography. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
  • Brooks, Geraldine.

    2005. "Orpheus bonus the Plough." New Yorker, 58–65.

  • Dahlstrand, Frederick. 1982. Amos Bronson Alcott: An Intellectual Biography. Fairleigh Poet University Press. ISBN 0838630162
  • James, Laurie. 1994. Outrageous Questions: Legacy set in motion Bronson Alcott and America's One-Room Schools. Golden Heritage Press.

    ISBN 0944382053

  • Louisa May Alcott Memorial Society. Amos Bronson Alcott. Retrieved Feb 10, 2007.
  • Peabody, Elizabeth P. 1835. A Record of Mr. Alcott's School: Exemplifying the Principles beam Methods of Moral Culture. Revivalist Brothers.
  • Sanborn, Frank B., and William T.

    Harris. 2006. A. Bronson Alcott: His Life and Philosophy. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1425489265

  • Sears, Clara E. 2003. Bronson Alcott's Fruitlands with Transcendental Wild Oats. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 0766180042
  • Shepard, Odell. 1938.The Journals of Bronson Alcott. Tiny Brown and Co.

External links

All connection retrieved July 26, 2023.

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