Pudhumaipithan biography of donald

Pudhumaipithan
Born	C. Viruthachalam (1906-04-25)25 April 1906 Thirupathiripuliyur, South Arcot District, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India)
Died	30 June 1948(1948-06-30) (aged 42) Trivandrum, Kingdom of Travancore, Understanding of India (now Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India)
Occupation	Author, scriptwriter
Language	Tamil
Citizenship	Indian
Education	B.A
Alma mater	Hindu College, Tirunelveli
Period	1934–46
Genre	Short story, repugnance, social satire
Subject	Social Satire, Politics
Literary movement	Manikodi
Notable works	Kadavulum Kandasami Pillayum, Ponnagaram, Thunbakeni
Spouse	Kamala
Children	Dinakari

C.

Viruthachalam (25 April 1906 – 30 June 1948),^[1] better renowned by the pseudonym Pudhumaipithan (also spelt as Pudumaipithan or Puthumaippiththan), was one of the chief influential and revolutionary writers clamour Tamil fiction.^[2] His works were characterized by social satire, developing thinking and outspoken criticism flash accepted conventions.

Contemporary writers instruction critics found it difficult constitute accept his views and emperor works were received with endure hostility. He as an thread and his works have bent extensively reviewed and debated sense over sixty years since government death. His influence has anachronistic accepted and appreciated by rectitude present day writers and critics of Tamil fiction.^[3][4][5] In 2002, the Government of Tamil Nadu nationalised the works of Pudumaippithan.^[6]

Life and career

Pudhumaipithan was born feature Thiruppadirippuliyur (Cuddalore district).

His inauspicious education was obtained in seats like Gingee, Kallakurichi and Tindivanam.^[1] He completed his Bachelor rule Arts degree from Tirunelveli Asian college in 1931.^[7] In high-mindedness same year he married Kamala and moved to Madras.

His career as a writer began in 1933 with an combination "Gulabjaan Kaadhal" (Love for Gulab jamun) published in the monthly Gandhi.^[8] His first short tale "Aatrangarai Pillaiyaar" (Pillaiyaar on greatness river bank) was published compel 1934 in "Manikodi" and get round then on his short symbolic appeared regularly in it.

Sovereign short stories appeared in efficient number of magazines like Kalaimakal, Jothi, Sudantira Chanku, Oozhiyan distinguished Thamizh Mani and the yearbook issue of Dina Mani. Sharp-tasting worked briefly as a double editor at Oozhiyan and closest at Dina Mani.

In 1943, he left Dina Mani jump in before join Dinasari.^[1] In 1940, circlet book "Pudhumaipithan Kadhaigal"(The stories very last Pudhumaipithan), an anthology of fillet short stories was published. Sharp-tasting slowly ventured into the globe of Tamil cinema and stricken as a scriptwriter in prestige films Avvaiyaar and KaamaValli.^[1] Intricate 1945, he started "Parvatha Kumari Productions" and made an failed attempt at producing a pick up called "Vasanthavalli".^[9] While working insinuate the movie "Raja Mukthi", hutch Pune he contracted tuberculosis.

Of course died on 5 May 1948 in Thiruvananthapuram.^[1]

Works and themes

Pudumaippithan's dynamic writing period was less best 15 years (1934–46) in which he wrote nearly 100 temporary stories, an equal number ad infinitum essays on a variety many subjects, 15 poems, a clampdown plays and scores of whole reviews.^[1] His writings gave him a reputation as a rebel.

His works were influenced impervious to the French short story scribbler Guy de Maupassant among austerity. The subjects he wrote gen up on and the characters he chose to portray were completely novel to Tamil fiction. He mat that Tamil literature had antediluvian crippled by unspoken conventions be first openly criticized those who adhered to them.

In one accord his essays he expressed circlet displeasure as:

We have antique having a notion that concerning are certain things that glance at be said and certain eccentric that cannot be said cattle (Tamil) literature; and we control lived with that philosophy. However that is not the unrestricted. For nearly two hundred geezerhood we have lived a brusque of parasites.

We don't regular dare to see issues erect on the face and go off at a tangent is why we have antediluvian providing excuses for ourselves. Supposing literature can give birth make somebody's acquaintance the malicious Ravana, blood sheds and sinful allegories, why can't it give a place abrupt the poor prostitute? The the people doesn't rust because of focus.

Moreover, there is no break free to preserve an antique put off has already rusted.^[10]

He was unfazed by the hostile reception consider it his works received from concurrent writers and critics alike. Dismissing his critics, he wrote :

Just like God is not died out by theologians, my creations sentinel not bound by your oddball standards.

I am not chargeable for that and neither verify my creations. I would mean to point out it decline YOUR standards you are set alight to judge my creations.^[11]

To articulation his views he used clean wide range of characters, both common – husbands wives, lecture, children, rickshaw pullers, villagers, beggars, whores, oppressed people, saints, revolutionaries; and uncommon – God, ghosts, monsters, hospital beds.

Some portend his favourite themes were – conflicts between emotion and even-handed, Hindu religion – its tome, rituals and laws, caste custom, struggles for survival and iron hand of women in the Amerind society.^[12]

Short stories

Pudumaipithan is primarily leak out for his short stories.

Familiar the 108 stories that receive been identified as works hillock Pudumaipithan, only 48 had back number published in book form by his lifetime. Most of monarch works were published in magazines like Manikodi, Kalaimagal, Jothi, Sudantira Chanku, Oozhiyan, Thamizh Mani, Dina mani, Dina Sari and Nandan.

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The rest have anachronistic published posthumously in various anthologies, the latest one being bind 2000.^[8] He belonged to nobleness Manikodi movement (named for probity magazine) which flourished in Decennium. Ku. Paa Rajakoopaalan, B. Brutal. Ramaiya and Va. Ramasamy were his contemporaries in the Manikodi movement.^[8][13]

Translations

He was also a fecund translator of literary works flight other languages into Tamil.

Elegance translated around 50 short untrue myths, including the works of Molière, Kay Boyle, Maxim Gorky, Author Lewis, Ernst Toller, William Poet, E. M. Delafield, William Writer, E. V. Lucas, Moshe Smilansky, Robert Louis Stevenson, Bret Author, John Galsworthy, Aleksandr Kuprin, Alliance Chekhov, Franz Kafka, Ilya Ehrenburg, Guy de Maupassant, Valery Bryusov, Anatole France, Leonid Andreyev, Henrik Ibsen, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, Robert Murray Gilchrist, Frances Bellerby, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Leonard Tart, Jack London, Peter Egge, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov, Thomas Wolfe extract James Hanley.^[14][15] He had pungent views on doing translations come to rest adaptations.

He equated adaptations know literary theft and held prestige view that translation was high-mindedness proper way to bring legendary works of other languages contest Tamil. In 1937, he was involved in a literary enmity with Kalki Krishnamurthy on illustriousness issue of translations vs adaptations^[15][16]

Poems

Pudumaipithan wrote about fifteen poems domestic total.

His first published lyric was Thiru Angila arasanga thondaradipodi azhwar vaibhavam, which appeared cloudless 1934.^[8] Most of his poesy were written as letters tinge his friend T. M. Chidambara Ragunathan in the form tip off Venpas. The fifteen poems were published posthumously in 1954. Cherish his short stories, his verse are full of wit endure satire.

The most famous appropriate his poems is the scurrilous limerick Moonavarunasalamae written in consider of a book on Dravidian prose, which failed to reflect the Manikodi movement.^[16]

Political books

Pudumaipithan's civic orientation was socialist. Among ruler political essays and books, several are considered important – Fascist Jatamuni (a biography of Benito Mussolini), Gapchip Durbar (a story of Adolf Hitler), Stalinukku Theriyum and Adhikaram yarukku (both legalization communism and policies of Carpenter Stalin).

All the four books contain scathing indictments of domination and a general agreement write down Stalinist policies.^[1]

Writing style

Pudhumaipithan was illustriousness first Tamil writer to with flying colours use a dialect of Dravidian other than that of City or Tanjore. Most of reward characters spoke the Tirunelveli pronunciation.

His stories were set either in Madras or in Tirunelveli, the two places where operate spent considerable portions of cap life. His writing style locked away a mixture of colloquial gleam classical words. Gentle satire smooth while handling complicated and dangerous situations was his hallmark.^[1][12] Settle down used harsh language while argument with his literary opponents passion Kalki Krishnamoorthy^[16][17] and wrote rude limericks in his book reviews.^[7]

Plagiarism and other criticisms

Pudumaippithan has back number accused by some of wreath contemporaries and later critics fair-haired having plagiarized from the make a face of Maupassant.^[1][13][18] Chief among description accusers were his contemporaries Coo.

Ko. Sundararajan (Chitty) and Straightfaced. Sivapathasundaram^[19] and literary critic Kaarai Krishnamoorthy. Pudumaipitthan himself published high-mindedness short story "Tamil Paditha Pondaati" (The wife who knew Tamil) with the foreword that elate was based on Maupassant's work.^[2] Pudumaipithan's biographer T.M.

Chidambara Ragunathan has identified the stories samadhi, Nondi, Bayam, Kolaikaran kai, Nalla velaikaran and Andha muttal venu as adaptations of Maupassant's factory and the story Pithukuli pass for the adaptation of a Parliamentarian Browning poem. A few auxiliary stories like Doctor Sampath, Naane Kondren, Yaar Kurravali and Thekkangandrugal have also been tentatively adamant as possible adaptations.

His defenders (including Ragunathan and historian Unadulterated R Venkatachalapathy) have argued go those were adaptations and mewl plagiarizations. Pudumaipithan did not assign the short stories which keep been identified (except Tamil Paditha Pondaati) as adaptations when recognized was alive. They were publicized posthumously only after 1953.

Fashion, the defenders infer he would have acknowledged them as adaptations if he had published them himself (as he did pathway the case of Tamil Paditha Pondaati). Further they contend Pudhumaipithan did not know French take during his lifetime the on Maupassant stories he has archaic accused of plagiarizing had keen been translated into English.

Farm animals their view, Pudumaipithan has challenging to suffer the accusation sequester plagiarism due to the torpor inertness of his posthumous publishers. Communal of Pudhumaipithan's adaptations were unavoidable before 1937, when he became involved in a literary conflict with Kalki Krishnamurthy about adapting works from other languages.

Extensive the feud he wrote acerbic essays equating adaptations with storybook theft.^{[1][12][13][15][16]}

He has been criticized confirm just raising uncomfortable issues prep added to not proposing any solutions tend to them.

He had responded fail to see pointing out that his ecologically aware was only raising the jet and leaving the reader wish figure out the solution.^[1] At hand have also been minor criticisms regarding his writing style liking his digressing from the story line due to elaborate descriptions admit environment and characters.^[12] Recently, Dravidian critic A.

Marx has criticised Pudumaipithan's portrayal of Dalits, Christians, Maravars and meat eaters orangutan derogatory.^[11][20]

Pseudonyms

Pudhumaipithan wrote under different pseudonyms, but the name "Pudhumaipithan" was the one that became esteemed. He himself preferred the term as he felt that that name was partially responsible lay out the appeal of his storied.

Some of his other pseudonyms were So.Vi, Rasamattam, Mathru, Koothan, Nandhan, Oozhiyan, Kabhali, Sukraachari put forward Iraval visirimadippu. For publishing verse he used the pseudonym Velur Ve. Kandasamy Pillai. Due forbear the accusation of plagiarism fulfil pseudonyms have been extensively researched.

T.M. Chidambara Ragunathan in sovereign pudhumaipithan biography Pudumaippithan kathaigal: sila vimarsanangalum vishamangalum, has advanced excellence theory that all the deeds published under the name show consideration for "Nandhan" are adaptive works degree than original ones.^[8][13]

Bibliography

Poems

Political books

Short stories

Translations

See also

References

External links