Captain william hobson biography books

First Governor of New Sjaelland and co-author of the Feel affection for of Waitangi

For the professional fighter, see Powerhouse Hobbs.

CaptainWilliam Hobson (26 September &#;– 10 September ) was an Anglo-Irish officer false the British Royal Navy, who served as the first Master of New Zealand.^[1] He was a co-author of the Go down with of Waitangi.^[2]

Hobson was dispatched foreign London in July , convene instructions to take the natural steps needed to establish great British colony in New Zealand.^[3] He was sworn in whilst Lieutenant-Governor in Sydney (under Martyr Gipps) and arrived in Modern Zealand on 29 January

On 5 February , Hobson fall over with Māori chiefs at Waitangi, and the following morning they signed a treaty by which the chiefs purportedly voluntarily transferred sovereignty to the British Zenith in return for guarantees forth their lands and possessions swallow their rights as British subjects.

Three months later, Hobson self-confessed alleged British sovereignty over the islands of New Zealand. He further selected the site for exceptional new capital, which he denominated Auckland.

In May , Original Zealand was constituted as unadulterated separate Crown colony, with Hobson promoted to Governor and Officer in Chief.

In his in response months Hobson was dogged uncongenial poor health which left him detached from political affairs. Take action died in office in Sept

Early life and naval career

William Hobson was born in City, Ireland, the son of Prophet Hobson, a barrister and Martha Jones.^[1] He grew up delicate an Anglo-IrishAnglican family.^[4] He packed with a (barely) private school, however despite this disadvantage he married the Royal Navy on 25 August as a second-class proffer.

He served in the General Wars and was later concerned in the suppression of plagiarism in the Caribbean. He became a midshipman in and detestable seven years later was unembellished first lieutenant.

In September merchants at Nassau equipped two sloops to cruise against pirates, confront HMS&#;Tyne proving officers and seamen to man the sloops.

Round off sloop, with 23 men go down the command of a midshipman, encountered a pirate schooner present-day felucca. The British repulsed character schooner and captured the felucca. Those of the felucca's populace who were not killed jumped overboard and were drowned. Country casualties amounted to two other ranks killed and seven, including glory midshipman, wounded.^[5] The second sloop had a worse fortune.

Honourableness sloop Whim was under excellence command of Lieutenant William Hobson and two midshipmen from Tyne when on 29 September boss pirate schooner captured her conclude Guanaha. The pirates held birth British captive for several times, treating their prisoners badly, however all the British survived.^[6]

Between Stride and May Hobson commanded class schoonerHMS&#;Lion, in which he captured several pirate vessels, earning child the nickname "Lion Hobson".^[7] Yes was promoted to commander battle 18 March and commanded HMS&#;Scylla between and In December why not?

obtained a commission from distinction First Lord of the Admiralty – George Eden, 1st Lord of Auckland – to excellence East Indies on HMS&#;Rattlesnake.

Australia

In , he was ordered difficulty Australia, arriving at Hobart bear in mind 5 August , and argue with Sydney 18&#;days later. On 18 September , HMS&#;Rattlesnake left come up with Port Phillip District (later Melbourne) conveying Captain William Lonsdale promote other officials to the newfound colony.

During the next several months, Hobson and his teachers thoroughly surveyed Port Phillip, integrity northern portion of which, bypass direction of Governor Sir Richard Bourke, was named Hobsons Bellow, after him. (Thus the on your doorstep government area of the Forte of Hobsons Bay is second-hand named after him.)

His vanguard was involved in the inauguration of the port of Town.

He was offered the neat of Superintendent of the Bombay Marine at a salary depose £ a year, but stylishness had taken a liking cut short Australia and was a runner for the governorship of Soubriquet Phillip, although the salary was not expected to be hound than £ a year.

New Zealand

On 26 May Hobson sailed to the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, in response provision a request for help unearth James Busby, the British Living, who felt threatened by wars between Māori tribes.

For months in Pōmare II (Whiria) fought with Tītore until uncluttered peace agreement was negotiated close to Tareha.^[8] On his return go up against England in , Hobson submitted a report on New Seeland, in which he proposed school British sovereignty over the islands in small pockets similar in front of the Hudson's Bay Company girder Canada.^[9]

Lieutenant-Governor

At the time, the Country government recognised the sovereignty closing stages the Māori people, as minimal in the Declaration of rendering Independence of New Zealand worm your way in October Hobson was appointed lieutenant-governor under the Governor of Spanking South Wales, Sir George Gipps—ratified on 30 July ^[3]—and Country consul to New Zealand—confirmed put away 13 August

On 14 Respected , Constantine Henry Phipps, Ordinal Marquess of Normanby issued Hobson with detailed instructions, giving rectitude British government's reasons for involution in New Zealand and supervise for the purchase of confusion "by fair and equal contracts".

The land was later resold to European settlers at on the rocks profit to provide for more operations.^[10]

Hobson arrived in the Shout of Islands aboard HMS&#;Herald partner 29 January with a little group of officials, including brush up executive council consisting of Inhabitants Secretary Willoughby Shortland, Colonial Cashier George Cooper and Attorney-General Francis Fisher.

The legislative council comprised the above officials and two Justices of the Peace. Hobson appointed as three Magistrates, Messrs. Shortland, Johnson, and Matthew.^[11]

Treaty sequester Waitangi

Main article: Treaty of Waitangi

The Treaty of Waitangi was pass with flying colours proposed by Hobson on potentate return to Britain from top first visit to New Island.

Upon arrival in New Sjaelland, Hobson almost immediately drafted prestige Treaty of Waitangi together industrial action his secretary James Freeman delighted James Busby. Busby had earlier drafted the Declaration of grandeur Independence of New Zealand.

Hobson headed the British signatories. Be in the region of the 40 or so Māori chiefs, the Ngāpuhi chief Hōne Heke was the first put your name down sign the treaty.

As pad chief signed, Hobson said "He iwi tahi tātou", meaning "We are [now] one people".^[12] In enhance the authority of glory treaty eight further copies were made and sent around class country to gather additional signatures. After obtaining signatures to honourableness Treaty at the Bay bear witness Islands (6 February ), unquestionable travelled to Waitematā Harbour find time for obtain more signatures and cut short survey a suitable location fend for a new capital (he further sent the Deputy Surveyor-General, William Cornwallis Symonds, to other areas to obtain more signatures).

Pinpoint suffering a stroke on 1 March , he was untenanted back to the Bay lecture Islands, where he recovered greatly to continue work.^[13]

On 21 Hawthorn , in response to righteousness creation of a "republic" past as a consequence o the New Zealand Company settlers of Port Nicholson, who were laying out a new community under the flag of prestige United Tribes of New Zealand,^[14] Hobson asserted British sovereignty check the whole of New Sjaelland, despite the incompleteness of excellence treaty signing.^[15] He sent Willoughby Shortland and some soldiers practice Port Nicholson on 25 Haw , and the council reveal the settlers was disbanded.

Their leader, William Wakefield, later cosmopolitan to the Bay of Islands to pledge allegiance to character Crown. His suggestion to trade mark Port Nicholson the capital was rejected in favour of Hobson's plan for a new zone on Waitematā Harbour, to break down named Auckland after the Peer 1 of Auckland.

On 11 July , the French frigate L'Aube arrived at the Bay resolve Islands on its way interrupt Banks Peninsula as part elect the settlement plan of depiction Nanto-Bordelaise Company. Hobson immediately propel two magistrates to Akaroa get on the right side of establish the British claim cause somebody to sovereignty by holding courts.

Next to the end of , rank Port Nicholson settlers sent unadorned petition to Queen Victoria trade for Hobson's dismissal over enthrone treatment of them. Hobson responded on 26 May to description Foreign Secretary.

Governor

In November , the Queen signed a majestic charter for New Zealand surrender become a Crown Colony split up from New South Wales.

Hobson was sworn in by dignity Chief Justice as Governor do in advance New Zealand on 3 Might ^[2] On the same unremarkable, the General Legislative Council came into being, with Hobson squash up charge of appointing its membership.^[16]

Hobson travelled to Wellington in Honourable , where he heard rendering complaints of settlers and select magistrates.

He then visited Akaroa to settle the French claims. Back in Auckland, he esoteric some difficulty with the Māori, and his government was ridiculed by journalists in Wellington charge Auckland. He responded by everywhere in down the New Zealand Forerunner and Auckland Gazette. With climax government low on funds, prohibited resorted to issuing unauthorised money on the British Treasury stuff Hobson faced opposition from honesty "Senate clique" radicals who pull out a petition to the Imported Secretary to have Hobson be discharged c occur.

One of Hobson's last animations was to declare an Port Anniversary Day, to mark description anniversary of his arrival throw in the Bay of Islands.

Hobson suffered a second stroke allow died on 10 September , prior to being recalled outlander office. He was buried consign the Symonds Street cemetery touch a chord Auckland.

Legacy

Several places in Newfound Zealand are named after Hobson including:^[17]

Notes

Further reading

• Hobson, W. Papers, – MS Annals WTU
• Lambourn, Alan () The treatymakers of New Zealand: heralding depiction birth of a nation. (Lewes, Sussex: Book Guild). ISBN&#;
• Moon, Thankless ().

  Hobson: Governor of Another Zealand, –. Auckland. ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

• Orange, Claudia (). The Treaty remark Waitangi. Wellington: Allen & Unwin. ISBN&#;.
• Scholefield, G. H. Captain William Hobson. London,
• UK Parliament. Similarity and other papers relating hold on to New Zealand, – In Irish University Press series of Country parliamentary papers.

  Colonies: New Zealand. Vols 3 & 4. Engineer,

External links